موضوعات
آموزش و پرورش
ادبیات و زبان
پزشکی، دندانپزشکی و داروسازی
تاریخ و جغرافیا
داستان و رمان
دیگر
دین و فلسفه
روانشناسی
ریاضیات و آمار
سلامتی، تناسب اندام و رژیم غذایی
شیمی و پلیمر
علوم اجتماعی و حقوق
علوم زیستی و بیوتکنولوژی
فیزیک و نجوم
کامپیوتر و اینترنت
کتابهای کودکان و داستان
کسب و کار و اقتصاد
کشاورزی و دامپزشکی و غذا
معماری
مهندسی و فناوری
هنر و تئاتر
محصولات
The Life of Alfred Russel Wallace - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: he anthrop olo g ist Loren Eiseley, popularizer of the history of evolutionary thought, famously referred to the nineteenth century as “Dar- win’s Century.” Although his book of that name is concerned with a good deal more than Darwin, the phrase has contributed to the myth of a lone sci- entist ultimately triumphing over universal opposition. Darwin was not alone, however. Another man also discovered the theory of natural selection, and he championed the theory as vigorously as did Darwin. His name was Alfred Russel Wallace. Although he was the century’s greatest explorer- naturalist, few besides scholars know very much about him. For a time, Wal- lace shared the limelight with Darwin. It was Wallace who forced Darwin to publish The Origin of Species; indeed, were it not for Darwin, the nineteenth century probably would be known as “Wallace’s Century.” Darwin, cautious to a fault, had been laboring for some twenty years on his theory, amassing what he hoped would be enough data to change the minds of the majority of his fellow scientists. At the time, most people be- lieved that species had been separately (and divinely) created. Only two men knew the true nature and import of Darwin’s work: his friends the botanist Joseph Hooker and the geologist Sir Charles Lyell. Darwin had begun to or- ganize his material into a multivolume book to be entitled “Natural Selec- tion.” But an extraordinary thing happened. Sometime in June 1858, Darwin received a packet postmarked from the island of Ternate in the Dutch East Indies. The packet contained an essay by Alfred Russel Wallace, a thirty-five- year-old English naturalist with whom Darwin had struck up a correspon- dence three years earlier. The essay, “On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type,” shocked Darwin. Wallace wrote: We believe that there is a tendency in nature to the continue
Darwin: Portrait of a Genius by Paul Johnson - Epub + Converted PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: All his life, Charles Darwin believed that inheritance was much more important in shaping a man or woman than education or environment. Nature rather than nurture was formative, in his view. Though he knew nothing of the science of genetics, and never used the word gene, which is first recorded in English in 1911, more than a quarter- century after his death, he is a classic case of genetic inheritance. Indeed, two of his grandparents and his father can reasonably be classified as geniuses. His paternal grandfather, Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) came from an old family of modest landowners. After Cambridge, he trained as a doctor in Edinburgh, and then practiced in Litchfield, Dr. Johnson’s town (they did not get on). He was successful and had many patients, easily earning £1,000 a year, a handsome income then. News of his skill reached the ears of George III, who invited him to come to London as the royal doctor. But Dr. Darwin declined. The Hanoverian royals were slow at paying their doctors. In any case, Darwin was happy as he was, combining a busy provincial practice with poetry and science. The symbol of this dualism was his coach, which he designed himself. It was fitted up with a writing desk, a skylight, and a portion of his library, so that he could carry on his intellectual pursuits while going on his daily round of professional calls.
آیا کتاب مورد نظر هنوز بر روی سایت قرار نگرفته است؟ جای نگرانی نیست! کافی است بر روی گزینه سفارش کتاب کلیک کرده و درخواست خود را ثبت کنید. در کمتر از چند ساعت کتاب شما را آماده خواهیم کرد.